安宁河流域大石墓的分期及相关问题

The Periodization of the Megalithic Tombs in the Anning River Valley and Relevant Issues

在四川凉山彝族自治州的安宁河流域及周边地区,东周秦汉时期流行一种在地面直接用石起建墓室,顶部再以大石覆盖的墓葬形式,考古学界通常称之为“大石墓”。这类墓葬早在20世纪40年代即已发现,郑德坤称为“大石文化”的“墓石遗迹”[1]。20世纪70年代,多家单位联合组队进行了调查,并对西昌坝河堡子大石墓开展试掘[2],掀开了通过科学发掘对其进行研究的序幕。

Megalithic tombs were built by directly erecting stones on the ground to form the tomb chamber and then covering the top with other huge stones.By the tomb chamber constructing methods,this paper classifies the 43 megalithic tombs whose data have been published into types and subtypes,and,with the references of the types and assemblages of the grave goods unearthed from them,divides them into five phases,the dates of which were from the Spring-and-Autumn Period to the early Eastern Han Dynasty.According to the temporal-spatial distribution of the multiple secondary collective burials in stone-structured tombs popular in southwestern China,the megalithic tombs are suggested to emerge the first in present-day Chuxiong Prefecture in western Yunnan,and then diffuse to the surrounding areas.A group of stone-structured tombs recovered at Heping Village in Chikeboxi Township,Zhaojue County provided new clues for detecting the whereabouts of the Qiong people after the vanishing of the megalithic tombs in the Anning River valley.