欧美关系视角下的伊朗核问题——基于2016年以来欧美伊核政策的比较分析

The Iranian Nuclear Issue from the Perspective of the EU-US Relationships——A Comparative Analysis based on the EU and US Policies towards Iran since 2016

欧盟与美国在防止伊朗拥有核武器上具有共同利益。但由于欧美地位、身份、认知的差异,更由于美国现任总统特朗普采取了同前任奥巴马截然不同的政策,欧盟与美国在对待伊朗核协定的重大问题上出现严重分歧。2018年5月8日,特朗普宣布退出核协定并对伊朗进行新一轮严厉制裁。美国退出核协定前,英国、法国和德国为力保核协定进行外交斡旋;美国退出核协定后,欧盟先后更新阻断法案并推出特殊目的通道,力图在美国退出情况下维护核协定。当下,欧美关于伊朗核问题与核协定的矛盾,既凸显出双方在解决中东等地区热点问题上的分歧,又显现出在一超多强的国际体系下,处于最高层的美国同较低层面的欧盟之间围绕国际格局和地区格局未来演化方向的竞争。欧美之间的这种竞争将长期存在。

The EU and the United States share common interests in preventing Iran from possessing nuclear weapons.However,due to the differences in status,identity and cognition,especially due to US President Trump’s adoption of policies which are in stark contrast with those of his predecessor Barack Obama,great divisions have emerged between the EU and the US in their policies concerning Iranian nuclear issues.On 8 May 2018,President Trump announced the US’withdrawal from the JCPOA and a new round of severe sanctions against Iran.The three EU countries,that is,Germany,France and the United Kingdom,had conducted diplomatic mediation to preserve the nuclear deal.After the unilateral withdrawal of the US,the EU updated the blocking statute in August and introduced the Special Purpose Vehicle(SPV)in September to maintain the JCPOA without US.The current disagreements between Europe and the United States on the Iranian nuclear issue and the JCPOA highlight the differences between the two parties over the approaches in which to resolve the disputes in the Middle East and other regions,which is,at the same time,a kind of competition between the United States and the EU around the future of the international and regional patterns.This kind of competition will last for a long time in the future.