冷战造就美国大学“黄金时代”——斯坦福大学崛起之管窥

The Cold War and the "Golden Age" of Research Universities: An Analysis of the Rise of Stanford University

得益于"二战"中的卓越贡献,引发战后美国联邦政府对研究型大学科研的倚重,旋即一系列旨在推动学术科学发展的联邦科技政策相继推出。热战之后冷战接踵而来,军备重整迫在眉睫,由此进一步塑造了美国研究型大学在国际军备竞赛中的"关键"角色。冷战危机下,研究型大学纷纷入伍,斯坦福大学成为其中之典范:在政府与大学之间开启了官学关系新篇章;在与政府企业的合作定位上,构建军工体合作桥梁;开拓产学合作新边界。在冷战军事科研浪潮中,斯坦福大学顺势而为,招募一流教授组建学术"智囊团",集中优势资源缔造学科"金字塔",使其迈上学术新台阶。管窥冷战下斯坦福大学之崛起,可见冷战如何造就美国大学的"黄金时代"。

Owing to the outstanding contributions in World WarⅡ,the American research universities aroused great attention from federal government,and a series of federal science and technology policies aimed at promoting the development of academic science were launched after war.During cold war,the reorganization of armaments was urgent,which further shaped the"key"role of research universities in the international arms race.The war brought the"Golden Age"to American research universities.Under Cold War crisis,the research universities participated in military research,and thus Stanford University became a model.It is especially important to study the rise of Stanford University in Cold War and to analyze the academic excellence of American research universities.