从戴高乐到马克龙:法国的非洲政策变化轨迹与内在逻辑

From De Gaulle to Macron:The Changing Track and Internal Logic of France’s African Policy

法国曾在非洲拥有大片殖民地,并在该地区具有政治、经济、防务、文化等全方位影响。从20世纪60年代起,原法属非洲国家纷纷独立后,法国依然通过经济援助与合作、货币关联和控制、驻军等方式保持着"法非特殊关系"。非洲作为法国的"后花园"和大国地位的体现和保障,始终是法国对外关系的重点。60多年来,从戴高乐到马克龙,法国的对非政策有延续,也有改变,充斥着"保守"和"改革"之争。法国国内保守派政治力量坚持延续传统的"法非特殊关系",而革新派政治力量则努力推动法非关系"正常化"。整体而言,法国的对非政策呈现出较为明显的延续性,但在其中亦有调整与变化。当下,年轻的新一代总统马克龙上台后,法国对非政策在延续过往的基础上亦有了一定新突破,聚焦于安全、经济、青年等议题。

France once had large colonies in Africa and had a full range of political,economic,defence,cultural and other influences in those areas.After the independence of French colonies since the 1960s,France continues to have its presence and influence there through numerous ways such as technical and economic aids,control over their military and currencies,etc.For almost half a century,France and Africa have been maintaining a special relationship.The so called “Fran afrique” is more a matter of concealed networks and unofficial emissaries rather than a matter of “official” diplomacy,and more a relationship within state than that between the states.As the symbol and guarantee of France’s continued greatness on the international stage,Africa always plays a significant role in France’s diplomacy.From the 1960s to the present,from de Gaulle to Macron,France’s policy toward Africa is marked by continuity and rupture,and more continuity than rupture on the whole.The dispute between “conservatives” who insist on maintaining “Fran afrique” and reformists who promote to normalize Franco-African relation has never been interrupted.Compared with his predecessors,Macron who belongs to a generation born in the post-colonial era really made some changes in his policy towards Africa,especially in the institutional and decision-making level while still maintaining a certain continuity by focusing on security,economic and youth issues.