蚯蚓粪与土壤复配比例对基质微生物性状及韭菜生长和品质的影响

Effects of vermicompost and soil proportion on the microbial property of substrate and the growth and quality of leek

【目的】蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓消化有机废弃物产生的均匀颗粒,能够提升土壤肥力,改良土壤结构并促进作物生长。本文初探了蚯蚓粪与土壤的不同配比对基质微生物性状及韭菜生长和品质的影响,为蚯蚓粪的开发利用提供依据。【方法】2015年4—6月在中国农业大学温室内进行盆栽试验,按蚯蚓粪、土壤质量比(w/w)设置4个处理,依次为:0/100%(纯土壤不添加蚯蚓粪,CK);20%/80%(T1);60%/40%(T2);100%/0 (T3)。韭菜收获后,测定了基质养分含量、微生物群落变化、韭菜生物量、可溶性蛋白总量、可溶性糖总量和叶绿素含量。【结果】1)随着蚯蚓粪添加比例的增加,基质中的全氮、速效钾和有机质的含量均显著提高;2)蚯蚓粪能显著促进韭菜根系生长,并改善韭菜品质。与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理中韭菜新根比分别提高5.75%、6.39%和22.23%;韭菜可溶性蛋白总量提升了1.84～5.97倍,可溶性糖总量提升了1.49～1.60倍(P <0.05);3)蚯蚓粪能显著提高基质中的细菌和真菌多样性,并显著增加细菌116、118、130、226、297片段(P <0.05),但减少了真菌71、91、153、351片段(P <0.05)。【结论】蚯蚓粪改善了基质的微生物群落结构,提高细菌和真菌的多样性,增加养分有效性,进而促进韭菜生长并改善韭菜品质。蚯蚓粪直接用作基质的效果最好,但从经济角度考虑,蚯蚓粪与土壤按质量百分比20%/80%即可基本达到满意的效果。

【Objectives】Vermicompost is a homogenous particle produced by earthworms digesting organic wastes,which has been proved to enhance soil fertility,improve soil structure and promote crop growth.In this paper,the effects of different ratios of vermicompost to soil on the microbial properties of substrate and the growth and quality of leek were preliminarily studied,in order to provide reference for the widely use of vermicompost in high quality vegetable production.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted inside the greenhouse of China Agricultural University from April to June in 2015.The substrate were prepared by mixing 4 mass percentages of vermicompost and soil in pot:0/100%(CK),20%/80%(T1),60%/40%(T2)and 100%/0(T3).After harvest,the biomass of leek,total soluble protein,total soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents were measured.The NPK contents and the microbial composition of substrate were analyzed.【Results】1)Vermicompost addition significantly increase the total N,readily available K and organic matter in the substrate,and the better the higher proportion of vermicompost in the substrate;2)Compared with no vermicompost addition CK,the new root ratio of leek was 5.75%,6.39%and 22.23%higher in T1,T2 and T3 treatments.The contents of total soluble protein of leek were significantly increased by 1.84-5.97 times and the total soluble sugar contents increased by 1.49-1.60 times(P<0.05);3)The microbial diversity index of substrate was significantly increased by the addition of vermicompost.The bacterial fragments of 116,118,130,226,297 were significantly increased(P<0.05)and the fungal fragments of 71,91,153 and 351 decreased(P<0.05).【Conclusions】Vermicompost could improve microbial community structure,improve the bacterial and fungal diversity,increase nutrient availability of the based substrate,and promote the growth and improve the quality of leek.The vermicompost can be directly used as substrate and shows the best result.Considering the profit and cost,adding proportion of 20%will make good enough substrate for high quality vegetable production.