毛泽东人民观对儒家民本思想的超越

The Transcendence of Mao Zedong's View of the People to Confucian People-based Idea

毛泽东人民观是一个完整的思想体系,它以唯物史观为哲学基础,既包括思想深刻的人民观点,也含有中国共产党特别重视且行之有效的群众路线的工作方法,以及党的根本宗旨。毛泽东人民观是在马克思列宁主义指导下,吸收中华优秀传统文化的合理因素,根据中国的社会环境和社会阶级基础,通过深入研究和积累,最终形成的可以被验证的思想体系。中国传统儒家思想主张重民、利民、从民,强调老百姓在国家政治和社会生活中具有重要的基础地位。作为中国人,毛泽东受儒家思想中的民本思想影响颇深。毛泽东在领导中国革命、建设的实践中,又创新和发展了传统儒家的民本思想,使之有了质的发展与飞跃。这种超越体现在三个方面,即:对重民思想的超越——从"得民心者得天下"到"人民群众创造历史";对利民思想的超越——从"不患寡而患不均"到"全心全意为人民服务";对从民思想的超越——从"听政于民"到"群众路线"。

Mao Zedong's view of the people is a complete thought system,which takes historical materialism as its philosophical basis,includes both the profound view of the people,and the mass working method that the Communist Party of China(CPC)pays particular attention to and is effective,and also the fundamental aim of the Party.Mao Zedong's view of the people is a kind of verifiable thought system under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism,which absorbs the reasonable elements of the Chinese excellent traditional culture and forms finally according to China's social environment and social class basis and through intensive study and accumulation.China's traditional Confucianism advocates caring for the people,favorable to the people,and following the people,emphasizing the people's important position in state politics and social life.As a Chinese,Mao Zedong was greatly influenced by the people-based idea in Confucianism.In the practice of Mao Zedong leading China's revolution and construction,he innovated and developed the traditional people-based idea of Confucianism,which made a qualitative development and leap to it.This transcendence is embodied in three aspects.The first is the transcendence of the caring for the people,that is,from the thought of“the person that gets common feelings of people gets the world”to“it is the masses of people that makes the history”.The second is the transcendence of favorable to the people,that is,from“inequality rather than want is the cause of trouble”to“serving the people wholeheartedly”.The third is the transcendence of following the people,that is,from“to make the voice of the people heard in governance”to“the mass line”.