中国改革开放以来的经济关系演变:现实路径与理论逻辑

Evolution of China's Economic Relationships since the Reform and Opening-up:Practical Route and Theoretical Logic

改革开放以来,中国经济取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。基于马克思主义政治经济学的基本逻辑,概括和提炼改革开放以来中国经济发展变化的核心特征及本质规律,应聚焦经济关系的演变。改革开放以来我国生产关系的多元化、复杂化和虚拟化转变,分配关系的多样化、市场化和分享化转变,交换关系的扩大化、网状化和数字化转变,消费关系的层次化、差异化和共享化转变,推动着我国从传统的计划型经济关系转变为社会主义市场型经济关系,且近年来逐步呈现出新时代中国特色社会主义经济关系的诸多新的特质。从马克思主义政治经济学视角分析这一现实演变,可以进一步得出其理论逻辑,即生产、分配、交换、消费四个维度的有机交融作用推动着经济关系的横向演变,经济力与经济关系的动态耦合作用推动着经济关系的纵向演变,"以人民为中心"则是其一以贯之的内在轴心。我国经济关系的改革实践不仅是对马克思关于"四环节"以及"生产力与生产关系相对运动"等理论的现实佐证,同时也是对这些理论与时俱进的拓展和中国化的创新。

Over the 40 years of reform and opening-up,China's economy has made achievements of world interest.Based on the basic logic of Marxism Political Economics,this paper argues that in order to summarize and refine the core characteristics and essential laws of China's economic development and change since the reform and opening-up,we should focus on the evolution of economic relations.Since the reform and opening-up,with the China's changes in production relations,distribution relations,exchange relations and consumption relations,namely the diversification,complexity and virtualization of production relations,the pluralism,marketization and sharing of distribution relations,the large scale,netting and digitization of exchange relations,and the hierarchy,differentiation and sharing of consumption relations,China's economic relationship has changed from the planned economic relations to socialist market economic relations,and in recent years it has shown a deal of new characters of the economic relations of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.To analyze this realistic evolution from the perspective of Marxist political economy,this paper draws its theoretical logic that is the horizontal logic of the evolution of China's economic relations is the organic blending of production,distribution,exchange and consumption,while the vertical logic is the dynamic coupling between economic power and economic relations.Besides,the evolution of China's economic relations always adheres to the“people-centered”concept.The reform practice of China's economic relations is not only a practical proof of Marxism theory about“four links”and“the relative movement of productive forces and production relations”,but also a development of these theories with the times and an innovation with Chinese characteristics.