西方马克思主义者对卢卡奇辩证法的重释

Western Marxists' Reinterpretation of Lukacs' Dialectics

在《历史与阶级意识》中,卢卡奇把拯救马克思主义辩证法作为主要理论旨趣,将其看成实践或历史辩证法、总体性辩证法,并被限定在社会历史领域,强调主客体相互作用。对此,不仅在柯尔施那里得到认同,葛兰西以合理的辩证法、科西克以具体辩证法的阐发做出辩护性回应,而且萨特以人学辩证法、哈贝马斯以交往辩证法的方式,在跟随卢卡奇对马克思主义辩证法解释的基础上又有各自的理论超越;阿多尔诺否定的辩证法、"科学的辩证法"却对"以黑解马"进路进行质疑甚至背离;而当代分析马克思主义学者、现象学马克思主义学者则努力重新阐释辩证法。对上述西方马克思主义辩证法思想轨迹的考察与反思,有助于在创新和发展马克思主义辩证法理论的同时,避免过度诠释。

In the book of History and Class Conciousness,Lukacs regards saving Marxist dialectics as his main theoretic purport,takes it as practical,historical dialectics and dialectics of totality,and then only puts dialectics on social field and emphasizes the interaction of subject and object.Following Lukacs,Korsch identifies it with his idea.Gramsci and Kosik defend it by the rational dialectics and dialectics of the concrete.Moreover,Sartre and Habermas want to transcend the interpretation of Marxist dialectics of Lukacs by the humanology dialectics and the communication dialectics.The approach of Hegelian Marxism is challenged and deviated by Adorno's negative dialectics and"scientific dialectics".However,some scholars in the contemporary analytical Marxism and phenomenological Marxism try to reinterpret the theory of Marxist dialectics.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate and reflect above thoughts'tracks of dialectics of the Western Marxism,to innovate and develop the dialectics of Marxism and avoid excessive interpretation.