隐球菌感染诊断的研究进展

Progress in the diagnosis of cryptococcal infection

隐球菌是一种广泛存在于周围环境的酵母型真菌,主要包括新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌。隐球菌可以感染人体任何组织和脏器,主要以中枢神经系统、肺部、皮肤以及播散感染为主。每年全球约有100万人感染隐球菌,并且造成约63万人死亡。隐球菌的高死亡率与未能早发现、早诊断密切相关。本文主要从血液学、影像学、免疫学和病理学等方面阐述隐球菌病的诊断方法。

Cryptococcus is a type of yeast widely found in the surrounding environment,mainly including Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gatti.Cryptococcus can infect any tissues and organs of the human body,mainly invading the central nervous system,lungs,skin and causing disseminated infections.About one million people worldwide are infected with cryptococcus and about 630,000 people die of cryptococcosis each year.The high mortality of Cryptococcus was closely related to the failure of early detection and early diagnosis.This article reviews the diagnosis of cryptococcosis based on hematology,imaging,immunology,and pathology.