基于革命与自由关系的反现代性视域下阿伦特革命观探析

On Arendt's Theory of Revolution under the Perspective of Anti-modernity Based on the Relation between Revolution and Freedom

按照阿伦特的理解,革命是政治行动的重要形式,是公民对抗现代性、追寻自由的重要尝试。革命的意义不是解决贫困等社会问题,而是在践履自由的同时构建长久保障公民自由的公共空间。以追寻自由为标准,阿伦特分析、比较和评价了18世纪的两场革命。法国大革命以社会问题凌驾于自由的革命,因而是现代式的伪革命。没有为贫困左右的美国革命在相当程度上继承了"革命为了自由"的古典政治理念。但是,美国在建国后实行的代议制却将多数公民排除在政治之外,原本旨在开创自由的美国革命也难以摆脱吞噬行动自由的现代宿命。

According to Arendt's understanding,revolution is an important form of political action and an important attempt of citizens to fight against modernity and pursue freedom. The significance of revolution is not to solve social problems such as poverty,but to construct a public space to guarantee civil freedom for a long time while practicing freedom. Based on the pursuit of freedom,Arendt analyzes,compares and evaluates two revolutions in the 18th century. The French revolution,with social problems dominating the revolution of liberty,was a modern pseudo-revolution. The American Revolution,which is not influenced by poverty,inherits the classical political idea of 'revolution for freedom' to a considerable extent. But the representative system that follows America's founding excludes most citizens from politics. The American Revolution,which is meant to create freedom,cannot escape the modern fate that devours freedom of action.