我国人群主要心血管病危险因素1982～2010年的变化

Secular Trends of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Chinese during the Period of 1982 to 2010

目的分析不同地区中老年人群主要心血管病危险因素的流行状况及变化规律。方法采用横断面调查的方法于2010年对不同地区的12组35～64岁人群进行心血管病危险因素调查,每个样本人群调查1000人左右,男女各半,并与"六五"、"八五"、"九五"期间进行的调查进行比较。结果 2010年结果显示,主要心血管病的危险因素存在较大的地区差异,年龄标化的高血压患病率、肥胖率、高血清胆固醇现患率、高血糖现患率男性最高者分别是最低者的2. 3倍、9. 2倍、4. 2倍和11. 3倍,女性最高者分别是最低者的2. 7倍、7. 4倍、3. 0倍和83. 0倍;男性的吸烟率和饮酒率远高于女性。5组人群4次调查资料显示,吸烟率在男性和女性中均持续降低,肥胖率在男性和女性中均持续大幅增加;高血压患病率在多数人群中仍持续增加;一半以上的人群高胆固醇现患率在1998年达到峰值后在2010年均有一定程度的下降。结论我国心血管病防治的形势依然严峻,应继续加强对心血管病的防治,对不同地区应制定针对性的干预方案。

Objective To explore the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older Chinese in different parts of China and their trends during the period of the year 1982 to 2010.Methods A cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors was conducted in the autumn of 2010 in 12 populations located in different parts of China.About 1000 participants,aged 35 to 64,half of them were men,were recruited in each population.A total of 11336 inhabitants participated in this survey.The data were compared with the previous surveys that were conducted in 1982 to 1994,1993 to 1994 and 1998 in 5 populations to see the secular trends of the risk factors.Results The prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors differed greatly among different populations.The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension,obesity,high serum total cholesterol(TC),and high fast blood glucose varied 2.3,9.2,4.2 and 11.3 fold by populations for men,respectively;and 2.7,7.4,3.0 and 83.0 fold by populations for women,respectively.The major difference for smoking and drinking was the gender difference,and the prevalence was much too high in men than that in women.The comparable data showed that the prevalence of smoking decreased persistently for both men and women in the past nearly thirty years in all populations,while the prevalence of overweight increased greatly.The prevalence of hypertension kept increasing for most of the populations for both men and women.The prevalence of high TC reached peak in 1998 and began to decrease in 2010 for more than half of the populations in women.Conclusion Although there is a favorable change in smoking and serum cholesterol,some important cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and hypertension are still rising and remain high in middle-aged and older Chinese.It is urgent to take targeted and effective measures to stop the increase of these risk factors and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in China.