清代外洋岛屿地域秩序之成立——以浙江衢山岛为例

The Establishment of Regional Order of the Islands in Outer Seas in Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of the Qushan Island in Zhejiang Province

清初迁界禁海,衢山岛因悬处外洋,官府难以有效管控,而被长期委弃封禁。然而,衢山岛及其周边丰富的柴薪、土地、渔业资源,吸引大量流动人口进入衢山岛,冲击着国家的封禁体制。清中期以后,国家对衢山岛的政策从厉行封禁到封而不禁,最终主动推进展复。在此过程中,潜赴、移住衢山岛的人口出现定居化倾向,水利设施修复,土地开垦推进,定居聚落出现,寺庙等公共空间形成,衢山岛逐步从荒岛贼穴发展为烟户繁庶的海岛社会,并在展复后升科编户,被纳入以编户齐民为主体、由地方士绅领导的新的地域秩序。

The Qushan island,an island in outer seas,was banned for a long time because it was out of the effective control of the government since the early Qing dynasty.However,a large number of floating population was attracted to land on the island by the rich firewood,land and fishery resources in Qushan island and its surroundings,in spite of the rigid state marine policy.The state policy turned from banning the island to developing it since the middle period of Qing dynasty.At the same time,the migrates settled down with the water conservancy facilities repaired,wild land reclaimed,human settlements appearing and public spaces such as temples constructed.As a result,the Qushan island developed gradually from a desert island occupied by robbers into a rich and prosperous island.When the island was permitted to develop,a new regional order was established by the registered residents led by the local gentries.