需优先发展防控手段的10种人兽共患病毒病

Ten viral zoonoses diseases requiring priority development methods for prevention and control

2018年2月,世界卫生组织(WHO)提出了优先研究和发展的10种人兽共患病毒病,其中8种病毒病由动物经气溶胶或密切接触在人群中传播,2种经蚊媒直接或间接传人。除寨卡病毒外,9种需在高等级生物安全实验室操作的高致病性病原体,其中6种需在生物安全4级实验室(Biosafety level 4,BSL-4),3种需在BSL-3。因此,只有在有条件的实验室才能承担对这些病毒病的研究和发展。本文就这10种病毒病从传播途径、临床危害及疫苗研制的主要方面与现状等进行简述,并探讨分析对这些传染病的防控问题,以期有关机构及人员做好应有的防控准备。

In February 2018,the World Health Organization(WHO)proposed 10 viral diseases of zoonoses to be priority research and development,8 of which are transmitted by aerosols or in close contact with humans,and 2 are transmitted directly or indirectly by mosquito vectors.Beside the Zika virus,9 highly pathogenic viruses are required to operate in high level biosafety laboratories(BSL),of which 6 need to be in BSL-4,3 in BSL-3.Therefore,research and development of these viruses can only be undertaken in conditional laboratories.In this paper,the transmission route,clinical harm and the main direction and status of vaccine development of these 10 kinds of virus diseases are briefly described,and the prevention and control problems of these infectious diseases are discussed and analyzed in order to make proper preparations for prevention and control of these infectious diseases.