下呼吸道感染病原体检测方法研究进展

Research progress on detection methods for infectious pathogens in lower respiratory tract

下呼吸道感染(lower respiratory tract infection, LRTI)是常见的呼吸系统疾病,包括肺炎、慢性支气管炎等多种感染类型,以抗生素治疗为主,尽快确定下呼吸道感染的病原体并采取针对性治疗可以大大降低下呼吸道感染死亡率,因此病原体的快速检测对疾病准确诊断和及时治疗相当关键。目前下呼吸道感染病原体检测技术较多,高通量、自动化和快速检测成为其主要发展趋势。本文介绍了下呼吸道感染检测标本类型和下呼吸道感染常见及非常见病原体,并着重对目前常用的病原体检测方法尤其是多种病原体同时检测方法进行综述,旨在指导临床根据疾病采集相应的样本类型,选择适宜的检测方法,快速确定感染病原体并及时治疗。

Lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)is common respiratory disease,including pneumonia,chronic bronchitis,and other infection types.Currently,LRTI is mainly treated with antibiotics.The rapid identification of pathogens of LRTI and targeted treatment can greatly reduce the mortality rate of LRTI,therefore,the rapid detection of pathogens is very important for the accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of diseases.At present,there are many kinds of detection technologies for LRTI pathogens,and its main trend is toward high throughput,automation and rapid detection.This article describes the specimen types of lower respiratory tract and unusual pathogens of LRTI and focuses on the current commonly used pathogen detection methods,especially the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens,to guide the clinical collection of the appropriate sample types according to disease and select appropriate detection methods to quickly identify infected pathogens and timely treatment.