犯罪记录制度的体系化建构

The Construction of a System of Criminal Records

犯罪记录制度是信息时代的多元化基础信息管理制度,尽快建立中国国家犯罪记录制度,实现我国刑事管辖范围内犯罪信息数据的规范化收集、储存、利用,是完善信息时代法治的客观需求。未来我国犯罪记录制度应以公共利益维护为基本价值取向,以限制查询为基础模式,充分实现预防犯罪、促进犯罪人回归和社会管理功能。建立统一的国家数据库,构建双向主体、三重目的的查询规则,可以是犯罪记录制度的具体方案。为应对前科规范的无序扩张,有必要建立犯罪记录封存机制,实现犯罪记录的横向封存和纵向封存,抑制犯罪记录制度的制度风险,最终实现中国国家犯罪记录制度的体系化建构。

Criminal records systems in the information age are based on a diversified information management system.Promptly setting up a national system of criminal records and setting norms for collecting,storing and utilizing criminal information data that falls within criminal jurisdiction are objective requirements for improving the rule of law in the information age.In the future China's criminal records system should take the maintenance of the public interest as its value orientation and the limitation of queries to information as its basic model,so as to achieve its functions of prevention of crime,the return of offenders to society,and social management.Building a unified national database and constructing two-way entities and rules with a threefold purpose could be a concrete plan for the criminal records system.To deal with the disorderly proliferation of criminal record norms,it is necessary to set up a criminal records system that is horizontally and vertically sealed so as to curb systemic institutional risks and ultimately realize the systemization of Chinese criminal records.