迈向什么样的空间社会学——空间作为社会学对象的四种路径与反思

Towards What Kind of Spatial Sociology: The Four Scenarios of Space as a Sociological Object and Reflections

尽管"空间社会学"作为一个概念已经存在了一百多年,但学界对于是否存在"空间社会学"这样一门学科还有诸多争议。学界存在将空间"社会学对象化"的四种方案:第一种方案是将空间作为一个社区生态有机体,但该方案无法解决"社区"概念在理论和经验上的矛盾性问题;第二种方案将空间看作影响行动的情境,但空间并不总是社会行动的重要情境,这让该方案容易陷入空间决定论的陷阱;第三种方案将空间看做影响不平等的稀缺资源,但这一设定消解了空间所具有的特殊性,变成了一种普通的分层理论;第四种方案将空间置于生产语境,看作社会的产物,但该方案中的"生产"概念无法很好地处理作为集体行动意外后果的空间生成问题。基于以上的反思,我们可以从"空间"本身为中心转向空间"使用—体验"为中心的空间社会学。

Although“spatial sociology”has existed as a concept for more than a hundred years,the existence of this discipline is still controversial.There are four scenarios in which to“sociologically objectify”space.The first scenario is to regard space as a community ecological organism,but this cannot solve the contradictory problem of the concept of“community”in theory and experience.The second scenario regards space as a context that affects action,but space is not always an important context for social action,which makes the scenario vulnerable to the trap of spatial determinism.The third one regards space as a scarce resource that affects inequality,but this setting dispels the particularity of space and becomes a common layer theory.The fourth scenario places space in the context of production as a product of society,but the concept of“production”in the scenario does not deal well with the problem of space generation as an unintended consequence of collective action.Based on the above reflections,we can move from a“space-centered”spatial sociology to a spatial sociology of space as“use-experience.”