第三国调停与社会舆论:拒签德约后的山东问题

The Third Country Mediation and Public Opinion:the Issue of Shangdong After Refusing to Sign the Treaty of Versailles

巴黎和会中,诸强枉顾中国主权,将德国在山东权益全部移交给日本,中国国内随即爆发了声势浩大的五四爱国运动,并最终促使中国和会代表拒绝签署《凡尔赛和约》,山东问题成为悬案。此时期的国内舆论,一面积极关注国外(主要是英美法三国)对中国拒签的反应;另一面对以补签和约为交换条件的美英调停极力反对,并最终促使了第三国调停的失败。

In the Paris Peace Conference, powers in the world ignored China’s sovereignty and handed over all of Germany’s rights and interests in Shandong to Japan. The massive May Fourth Movement broke out in China and eventually prompted the Chinese representatives to refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Thus, Shandong issue became a suspended case. The domestic public opinion in this period positively focused on the response of foreign countries (mainly the three countries of the United kingdom, the United States, and France) to China's refusal to sign. On the other hand, it strongly opposed to the mediation of the UK and the US who proposed signing the treaty as exchange conditions, and eventually prompted the failure of the third country's mediation.