中国古代感物美学的“托物寓情”论

On the Theory of “Expressing Emotions Through Objects” in Chinese Ancient Ganwu Aesthetics

托物寓情作为中国古代感物美学的一种类型,早已成为中国文学艺术创作的传统。它的运作模式是先有情,然后再寻找与这种情相适应的物来寄托。物包括自然物色和社会现实生活。自然物色之所以能够寄托思想情感,除了天人合一的观念之外,还有中国独特的文化、风俗等因素促成。它们共同促使自然物色的某种特征与情感的某种特征发生关联,使自然物色成为情感的隐喻或象征。社会现实生活能够寄托思想情感,一方面是因为社会现实生活本身就蕴含着思想情感,另一方面是由于作家、艺术家从自身的体验出发领会到社会现实生活与思想情感的某些关联。在情的主导下,情、物之间的律动是自然的、本真的。情与物之间相互协调,共同完成审美创造的过程。

As a type of Chinese ancient Ganwu aesthetics,expressing emotions through objects has long been a tradition of Chinese literary and artistic creation.Its mode of operation is to have some emotion first and then to find some object(s)that are compatible with the emotion.The objects include natural scenes and social reality.Natural scenes can be filled with emotions because of the Chinese view of unity between man and nature,and the unique culture and customs of China,which together contribute to the correlation between some characteristics of natural scenes and some characteristics of emotions,and make natural scenes metaphors or symbols of emotions.Social reality can be filled with emotions because social reality itself contains thoughts and feelings,and writers and artists perceive some relationship between social reality and emotions from their own experiences.Under the guidance of emotions,the rhythm between emotions and objects is natural and authentic,and emotions coordinate with objects,jointly completing the process of aesthetic creation.