产业政策与竞争政策能否协调——日本产业政策与竞争政策协调机制及其启示

Can the Industrial Policy and the Competition Policy Be Balanced? The Coordinating Mechanism between the Industrial Policy and the Competition Policy in Japan and Its Implication

产业政策与竞争政策的关系一直是学界讨论的重要问题。伴随20世纪80年代日本产业政策的转型,日本政府也在不断摸索协调产业政策和竞争政策的相互关系。两者相互关系的动态发展,可大致划分为"产业政策主导时期"、"竞争政策强化时期"和"协调发展时期"三个阶段。日本政府通过部门职能分工、制定共同执法指南、明确实施细则、共同实施政策评价制度以及竞争影响评价制度等来构建两者之间的协调机制。根据日本经验,中国政府应考虑完善竞争政策法解释论、提升执法独立性、重视市场竞争状况评估、健全竞争政策制度设计;深入具体行业实施产业政策"个性化"转型方案,重视经济民主的判定准则,科学评估产业政策;尊重消费者权益和中小企业"经营自由权",营造尊重竞争的软环境。

The relationship between the industrial policy and the competition policy is an important issue in academic circles.The Japanese government has been continuously exploring the way of coordinating the industrial policy with competition policy since its economic policy adjustment in 1980s,with three development stages from“industrial policy dominant period”,“strengthened competition policy period”to“coordinating development period”.Japan’s major experiences of the coordinating mechanism include the division of functions of government departments,the guidelines for joint enforcement,the implementation of detailed rules as well as the joint implementation of fair competition policy evaluation and the competition impact assessment system.With Japan’s experiences as the reference,it is also beneficial for China to coordinate its industrial policy with competition policy through improving the system of competition policy design,strengthening the scientific evaluation of industrial policy,and creating the environment of respecting the competition.