基于历史数据的小城市灾害演变特征研究——以西平县为例

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Disasters in Small Cities Based on Historical Data——Taking Xiping County as an Example

以河南省西平县为例,结合地方志以及各部门行业志中记载的灾害历史数据,选取记载较为详细以及影响周期较长的灾害种类,对不同灾害在不同时段的特征进行量化分析研究,从而总结出灾害的演变特征;通过影响区域、频率、可能性、易损性四个评估因子进行打分,进行主要灾种的识别,从而为从西平县的城市综合防灾规划与建设提供依据。研究结果表明:火灾与爆炸灾害是西平县目前首位需要针对预防的灾害种类;洪涝灾害近几年发生频率较小,但风险程度较高,不容忽视;气象灾害造成的影响与日俱增,需重点针对。

Taking Xiping County of Henan Province as an example, combined with the historical data of disasters recorded in the local chronicles and the trade journals of various departments, we select some types of disasters with more detailed records and long impact period, and then quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of different disasters at different time periods to summarize the evolution characteristics of disasters. Through scoring the four assessment factors of influence area, frequency, possibility and vulnerability, we identified main disasters, which could provide a basis for urban comprehensive disaster prevention planning and construction in Xiping County. It’s concluded that fire and explosion stand as the foremost two types of disasters that should be prevented with targeted measures in Xiping County. Flood disasters occur less frequently in recent years, but its risk level is high, which can not be ignored. The impact of meteorological disasters is increasing day by day, which needs to be focused on.