性别和种族对美国SAT考试成绩影响的定量分析

A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Gender and Race in SAT Scores

SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test)作为美国目前广为接受的大学入学考试,其公平性一直遭受质疑,尤其是在性别、种族等敏感领域。基于美国某高中学生的SAT数据,运用最小二乘估计法,建立了关于SAT考试成绩的单方程线性回归模型。回归结果显示在保持模型中其他因素不变的情况下,SAT考试的确存在性别和种族歧视,且性别对成绩的影响要大于种族对成绩的影响。最后结合2016年SAT考试的公平性改革,探究SAT的未来发展方向及对我国新高考改革的借鉴。

SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test), the widely accepted college entrance examination in the USA, has been challenged in its impartiality for a long period, especially in some sensitive issues like gender and race. Based on the SAT data of high school students in the USA, a linear regression model will be proposed and the ordinary least squares will be used to find out the factors influencing the SAT scores. The conclusion shows SAT exists discrimination and the effect of gender in the scores is stronger than the effect of race. Finally, concerning on the innovation of SAT in 2016, we discuss the future development of SAT and how to reform our National College Entrance Examination.