数据素养能力模型研究

A Research on Data Literacy Competency Models

通过收集数据库、相关专业组织和网上研究社区的资料,梳理14个数据素养能力模型,从模型的背景、适用情境、建构方式、指标层级、基本内容、对应的数据生命周期及应用效果七个方面分析总结出当前数据素养教育的两种思路:一是能够较全面地让学习者认识数据生命周期的系统化教育思路,二是让学习者快速掌握某些数据处理和管理技能的专门化教育思路。对应两种思路,数据素养能力模型也被划分为能力导向和目标导向两种类型。在系统化教育思路下,能力导向模型适用的学科领域和教育对象范围集中于自然科学领域;而目标导向模型更多地涉及人文社科领域。研究发现:大学图书馆、大学图书馆与大学院系合作、大学图情院系是最常提出和实施数据素养模型和实践的主体。研究认为:需根据教育原理,依据具体情境建构面向不同群体的数据素养能力模型,才能突出后续课程的针对性和实用性;在大学图书馆没有设立学科馆员和数据馆员岗位的情况下,可由图情院系为主导,以图书馆和其他人文社科院系进行协助的方式,开展数据素养教育实践。

By collecting data from academic databases,professional organizations and online academic communities,14 data literacy competency models are comparatively analyzed from the perspectives of backgrounds,applicable situations,model structures,indicators,general contents,corresponding data life-cycle,effectiveness,etc. It is found that there are two educational concepts in the current data literacy education. One is the systematic concept which can help learners to understand data life-cycle comprehensively. The other is the specialized concept which can help learners to handle certain skills in data processing or data managing. Based on these two concepts,there are two data literacy competency models,namely,competency-oriented model and target-oriented model. In the systematic concept,the competency-oriented model is adopted by a wide range of disciplines and serves a variety of educational goals. The competency-oriented model is extensively adopted in natural sciences. In contrast,the target-oriented model is more often adopted by the H&SS. Meanwhile,the result shows that academic libraries,academic libraries collaborating with departments,and the library and information science departments are the top three bodies putting forward data literacy competency models and carrying out related education programs. Finally,the research points out that data literacy competency models should be modified to serve different groups of learners. Courses should be introduced based on real situations and the principles of education in order to serve the specific needs of user groups. Last but not least,if there is no liaison librarian or data librarian in an academic library,data literacy courses can be led by the department of library and information science with the support of the library and other academic departments.