红地球葡萄养分积累及分配规律研究

Accumulation Dynamics and Distribution of Nutrient in Red Globe Grape

【目的】为量化葡萄各生育期施肥量,科学施肥避免肥料浪费。【方法】以7年生鲜食葡萄"红地球"为供试材料,设置施肥与不施肥处理,同时全生育期每隔10 d采样1次,探究葡萄的养分积累动态以及养分分配规律。【结果】果实、叶片以及新梢中全氮、全磷以及全钾均占到植株体的60%以上,是养分分配的的主要器官。萌芽期和花期需要施用氮168 kg/hm^2,膨大期51 kg/hm^2,转色期91 kg/hm^2,成熟期55 kg/hm^2。萌芽期和花期需要施用磷123 kg/hm^2。膨大期122 kg/hm^2,转色期46 kg/hm^2,成熟期18 kg/hm^2。萌芽期和花期施需要施用钾41 kg/hm^2,膨大期139 kg/hm^2,转色期121 kg/hm^2,成熟期147 kg/hm^2。【结论】以期为贺兰山东麓鲜食葡萄的科学施肥以及修剪提提供科学依据,同时实现宁夏葡萄栽培园区标准化、科学化、精准化的目标。

【Objective】The study aimed to quantify the amount of fertilizer used in each growth period of the grape, and to scientifically fertilize to avoid fertilizer waste.【Method】The 7-year-old fresh grape ‘Red Earth’ was used as the test material, and fertilization and non-fertilization treatments were set up. At the same time, samples were taken every ten days during the whole growth period to investigate the dynamics of nutrient accumulation and nutrient distribution of the grapes.【Result】Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in fruits, leaves, and shoots accounted for more than 60 % of the plant body and were the main organs for nutrient distribution. In the bud and flowering stages, the application of nitrogen was 168 kg/hm^2, the swelling period was 51 kg/hm^2, the color change period was 91 kg/hm^2, and the mature period was 55 kg/hm^2. Phosphorus 123 kg/hm^2 was needed for budding and flowering. The swelling period was 122 kg/hm^2, the color change period was 46 kg/hm^2, and the ripening period was 18 kg/hm^2. The application of potassium 41 kg/hm^2, the swelling period 139 kg/hm^2, the color change period 121 kg/hm^2 and the mature period 147 kg/hm^2 were required in the bud and flowering stages.【Conclusion】It is hoped that the scientific fertilization and pruning of Shandong Helan Fresh Grapes in Helan Mountain will provide scientific basis, and at the same time, realize the goal of standardization, scientific, and precision in the Ningxia grape cultivation garden.