四川地区土地资源节约型城镇景观林构建乔木树种选择

Selection of Arbor Species for Constructing Landscape Forests in Land Resources-saving Cities in Sichuan Province

【目的】为了构建土地资源节约型城镇景观林开展树种选择。【方法】以四川地区城镇景观林构建78种常见乔木树种为对象,从生物学特性、生态功能、景观功能、文化功能和节约度5个方面,选取适宜性、抗病虫害能力、固碳释氧能力、生物多样性保育能力、文化内涵、叶形叶色、管护成本、经济效益等18指标,采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法对树种进行综合评价。【结果】评价等级为I级的有银杏、香樟、黄葛树、桂花、栾树、乌桕等11种;评价等级为II级的有枳椇、桢楠、合欢、皂角等26种;评价等级为III级的有黑壳楠、柏木、水杉、重阳木、等37种;评价等级为IV级的有蒲葵、巨尾桉、苏铁等3种。【结论】银杏、香樟、黄葛树、栾树、乌桕等具有较强景观质量和生态功能的乔木树种可以作为土地资源节约型城镇景观林的主要构建树种。

【Objective】Tree species were selected for the construction of land-resource-saving urban landscape forests.【Method】Based on the 78 species of arbor species commonly used in the construction of urban landscape forests in Sichuan, the suitability, pest resistance, carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity were selected from five aspects: biological characteristics, ecological functions, landscape functions, cultural functions and conservation. 18 indicators included biodiversity conservation capacity, cultural connotation, leaf shape leaf color, management cost, and economic benefit. Comprehensive evaluation of tree species was carried out by analytic hierarchy process combining qualitative and quantitative methods.【Result】The evaluation results of the comprehensive building showed that there were 11 kinds of grades such as Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata(Miq.) Corner, osmanthus, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. and Sapium sebiferum. There were 26 kinds of grades such as Hovenia acerba, Phoebe zhennan, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Gleditsia sinensis. There were 37 kinds of evaluation grades including Lindera megaphylla Hemsl., Cupressus funebris Endl., Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Chen and Bischofia polycarpa. There were 3 kinds of evaluation grades, such as Livistona chinensis(Jacq.) R. Br., Eucalyptus grandis, and Cycas revoluta Thunb..【Conclusion】Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata(Miq.) Corner, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Sapium sebiferum.and other arbor species with strong landscape quality and ecological functions could be used as the main constructed species of land-resource-saving urban landscape forests.