从视点角度看汉日亲属称谓的形式与功能

A Probe into the Form and Function of Chinese and Japanese Kinship Terms from the Perspective of Viewpoint

文章对汉日三种称谓语境下不同形式的用法、功能和认知视点展开分析和对比,发现汉语的视点主要是与语言形式有关,而与称谓语境并无多大关联,其光杆名词是可借位视点,直接组合形式是平行视点,加"的"形式是相交视点。但是,日语的视点则与称谓语境有关,而与语言形式的相关性不大,其表自称和对称是可借位视点,表他称是相交视点。文章认为,不同视点选择的认知动因是主观性和交互主观性。汉语表自称和对称时,直接组合形式体现出较强的交互主观性,而日语有表交互主观性的形式标记,表他称时交互主观性最为凸显。

The present study focuses on the contrastive usage, function and cognitive viewpoint of the different forms of kinship terms between Japanese and Chinese with regard to self-directing, addressee directing and reference directing. It is found that the Chinese viewpoint is mainly related to the language form, but has little to do with the pragmatic context. The bare noun reflects a borrowable viewpoint, the direct combination form has a parallel viewpoint, and the form with ‘de’implies an intersecting viewpoint. However, the Japanese viewpoint is related to the pragmatic context, but not to the language form. The self-directing and addressee directing are borrowable viewpoints, while the reference directing is an intersecting viewpoint. The cognitive motivation of viewpoint selection is subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The direct combination form of self-directing and addressee directing shows significant intersubjectivity in Chinese. The honorific expression in Japanese is a marked form of intersubjectivity, which is most obvious in reference directing.