施用改良剂对植烟土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响

Effects of amendment application on enzyme activities and nutrient contents in tobacco-planting soils

为明确酸性植烟土壤施用改良剂后的土壤酶活性和主要养分的动态变化,以湖南省花垣县植烟土壤为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究了丰收延酸性土壤调理剂、金叶酸性土壤改良剂、石灰等3种土壤改良剂对土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:烤烟移栽后30～120 d,土壤脲酶及蔗糖酶活性呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势,移栽后120 d较对照分别提高28.89%～33.39%和18.27%～32.74%;土壤中性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性呈逐渐增强的趋势,移栽后120 d较对照分别提高9.61%～18.03%和9.14%～16.17%。施用丰收延和金叶酸性土壤改良剂可提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量;施用石灰可提高土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量;施用金叶酸性土壤改良剂可降低土壤速效钾的有效性。对酸性(pH<5.5)植烟土壤的修复施用石灰的效果最好。

To clarify the dynamic variations of enzyme activity and major nutrients in acidic tobacco-planting soils after amendment application,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of three soil amendments(Fengshouyan acidic soil conditioner,Golden Leaf acid soil amendment and lime)on the enzyme activity and nutrients in soils of Huayuan County,Hunan Province.The results showed that the activities of urease and invertase in soils presented a trend of"low-high-low"from the 30th to 120th days after transplanting.The activities of neutral phosphatase and catalase in soils increased gradually.Comparing with the control,the activities of urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase and catalase in soils increased by 28.89%-33.39%,18.27%-32.74%,9.61%-18.03%and 9.14%-16.17%on the 120th day,respectively.The application of Fengshouyan acidic soil conditioner and Golden Leaf acid soil amendment increased the contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils.Lime application increased the contents of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils,and the application of Golden Leaf acidic soil amendments reduced the availability of available potassium in soils.For the restoration of acidic tobacco-planting soil(pH<5.5),lime application should be the best.