鞍山市鼠类防治效果与鼠媒传染病发病率的相关性分析

Analysis on the correlation between the control effect of rodents and the incidence of rodent borne diseases in Anshan City

目的分析2014—2016年鞍山市鼠类防治效果,探索鼠密度和鼠媒传染病发生率之间的关系,提出有针对性的控制鼠类的防治措施。方法大面积药物灭鼠前后用粉迹法监测鼠密度,计算灭鼠率;分析春秋季鼠密度与同期鼠媒传染病发生率的相关性。结果鞍山市每次大面积药物灭鼠前鼠密度较高(14. 42%～19. 85%),灭鼠后鼠密度(2. 50%～3. 81%)大幅度降低,灭鼠率为72. 18%～84. 69%。灭鼠后鼠密度与国家标准(<3%)还有一定差距,且每次灭鼠后经过一段时间后鼠密度又会回升至较高水平。春秋季鼠密度与同期斑疹伤寒、肾综合征出血热和钩端螺旋体病发生率的相关性分析,相关系数分别为0. 458、-0. 281和0. 148,但均无统计学意义。结论鞍山市缺乏巩固药物灭鼠成果的综合措施,应加强鼠类防治工作,做好巩固灭鼠成效的综合措施,有效控制鼠媒传染病的发生率。

Objective To analyze the control effects of rodent and explore the relationship between rodent density and rodent-borne diseases from 2014 to 2016 in Anshan City.Methods Powder-trace methods was adopted to monitor rodent densities before and after rodenticide application in large area.Killing rates of rodent were calculated.The correlation between rodent density and rodent-borne diseases incidence was analyzed.Results In Anshan City,the rodent densities were higher before as 14.42%-19.85%,but sharply decreased after rodent control as 2.50%-3.81%.The killing rates of rodent were 72.18%-84.69%.The rodent densities still lagged behind the national standard(<3%)after rodent control,and will rise back to a higher level after a period of time after each rodent control.The correlation coefficients were 0.458,-0.281 and 0.148 respectively,but there was no statistical significance in correlation between rodent densities and the incidences of rodent-borne diseases such as typhus,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis respectively.Conclusion Anshan City is short of comprehensive measures of rodent control to consolidate the achievements of rodent control with drugs.It should be emphasize to strengthen rodent control.An integrated arrangement should be adopted to solidify effects of rodent control so as to effectively control the incidences of rodent-borne diseases.