论国家监察权的性质

On the Nature of National Supervisory Power

监察机关对全体公职人员行使监察权,这是我国监督体系的有机组成部分,是通过预防和惩治腐败来对公职人员实施的专门性监督。在国家宪法层面上,各级监察委员会属于对公职人员行使监督、调查和处置职能的国家监察机关。监察机关不仅要对职务犯罪案件进行调查,而且其调查所取得的证据材料还可以直接在刑事诉讼中被作为证据使用,监察机关的调查权具有侦查权的性质和效果。监察机关的留置措施在取代"两规"方面取得了一些法治进步,但仍然属于在正式的刑事强制措施体系之外,兼具刑事强制措施和隔离审查措施的特殊调查手段。监察法在加强被调查人的权利保障方面取得了一些进步,但仍然存在诸多方面的缺憾。未来,对惩治腐败与保障人权加以兼顾,对于监察机关的权力进行有效的约束,仍然是一项重大的法治课题。

National supervisory power,as an integral part of Chinese supervisory system,is the specialized supervision exercised through prevention and anti-corruption by national supervisory organ over all public officials.On the aspect of the Constitution,supervisory commissions at all levels belonging to the national supervisory organ perform the function of supervision,investigation and disposition.The supervisory organ conducts investigations of duty-related violations and crimes,from which information could be gained and used as evidence in criminal proceedings.The investigation power hereto accords with the criminal procedural investigation power in nature and effect.Some progresses have been made in improving the rule of law by utilizing detention to replace the"Detained and Interrogated".However,such supervisory function refers to a special investigative measure of both criminal compulsory and isolation review measures’characters,which has been alienated from the formal system of criminal compulsory measures.In addition,although further improvements have been made in strengthening the rights of individuals under investigation by enacting Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China,various flaws still exist.In the future,taking into account both anti-corruption and human rights protection while effectively restricting the power of the supervisory commission will keep being a significant issue of the rule of law.