“法益性的欠缺”与法定犯的出罪——以行政要素的双重限缩解释为路径

Absence of Legal Interest and Decriminalization of Mala Prohibita:Taking Double Limit Interpretation of Administrative Elements as the Path

犯罪是侵犯或威胁法益的行为,法定犯是单纯违反禁止规范的犯罪,是对国家规定的单纯不服从,并没有实质地侵害法益,其在法益侵害性的问题上存在先天不足。没有法益作为判断可罚性的理论支撑和限缩作用,导致其出罪机制不畅以及司法实务中法定犯的日益口袋化。针对法定犯有别于自然犯的这一特性,基于法定犯构成要件要素主要为行政要素,即表达的是对行政法律法规的保护与强调而非刑法自体恶的要素,为弥补法定犯法益性欠缺所导致的法益甄别与限制刑法处罚范围作用的欠缺,宜对法定犯中的形式性与实质性行政要素进行双重限缩解释,以建立法定犯有效的出罪渠道,实现刑法处罚范围的正当性与合理性。

Crime is a violation or threat to legal interest.Mala prohibita is a pure violation of prohibitive norms and a pure disobedience to national regulations without substantial violation or threat to legal interest.Therefore,in the case of mala prohibita,there is a congenital deficiency in the issue of violation or threat to legal interest.The characteristic of mala prohibita,"absence of legal interest",has led to a poor decriminalization mechanism and increasingly pocketed mala prohibita in judicial practice.Mala prohibita is different from mala in se.Mala prohibita is mainly composed of administrative elements that express and emphasize the protection of administrative laws and regulations rather than the natural evil of criminal law.Based on this fact,in order to make up for the failure of identifying the legal interest and limiting the penalty scope,we should make a double limit interpretation.This can establish a valid decriminalization channel for mala prohibita and achieve the legitimacy and rationality of the penalty scope.