基于LBS定位数据的建成环境对街道活力的影响及其时空特征研究

Influence of Built Environment on Street Vitality and Its Spatiotemporal Characteristics Based on LBS Positioning Data

以上海市南京西路为案例,使用移动互联网"位置服务"定位数据,以街道上人群轨迹点密度表示人群活动强度,生成了街道活力量化测度指标。随后选用空间滞后模型测算建成环境对街道活力影响的时间、空间特征,分别构建了五个分时段模型,测度功能混合、小街段、老建筑、密度、交通和场地设计5组15个建成环境指标对街道活力的影响。研究发现各个建成环境指标对街道活力影响时空特征各不相同。其中,影响南京西路街道活力最显著的指标是地铁站出入口和沿街商业业态多样性。在这两个因素之外,规划设计理论关注的外部空间设计、街段长度、人行道宽度、商业界面连续性等也具有较强的显著性。街道两侧建筑功能混合、老建筑占比等会促进街道活力的观点,在当前南京西路环境中并不成立。本研究可为存量规划背景下南京西路以及类似高密度建成环境的商业街道更新设计提供理论支持和优化方向。

Taking Nanjingxi Road in Shanghai as a case study, using mobile internet LBS (Location Based Service) positioning data, the intensity of the activities on the street is represented by the density of the crowd track, and the quantitative measurement of street vitality indices are generated. The spatial lag model is used to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of the impact of the built environment on the street vitality. Five time-segment models are constructed to measure the influences of 15 indicators on street vitality. These indicators are divided into five groups including function mixing, small street section, old buildings, density, traffic and site design. This study finds that the effects of various built environment indicators on street vitality have different temporal and spatial characteristics. The most significant indicators affecting the vitality of Nanjingxi Road are the metro entrances and the commercial diversity along the street. In addition, the external space design, segment length, sidewalk width and business interface continuity that are concerned by classical planning and design theories are also highly significant. The idea that the functional mixture of buildings on both sides of the street and the proportion of old buildings will promote the street vitality is not established in the current environment of Nanjingxi Road. This study can provide theoretical support and optimization direction for the updating design of Nanjingxi Road and the similar high-density built environments, as well as the municipal commercial streets in the context of inventory planning.