犯罪构成四要件的“立体化”修正

On the Three-dimensional Reform of the Four Elements of Criminal Constitution

为永葆犯罪构成四要件的生命力,需要对其各要件加以立体化修正,包括对其各个要件从形式和内容、质和量、静态与动态、纵向和横向等维度"加宽加厚加高"。把犯罪客体修正为刑法保护的而为犯罪行为所侵害或者威胁的社会关系及其载体的统一,以使之成为"有血有肉",看得见、摸得着,增强了其实体性和可测量性。在危害行为的定义中加入"犯罪工具"和行为"强度"的限定,既突出实施危害行为对犯罪工具的利用,又满足中国刑法对犯罪规定既定性又定量的特点。在刑事责任能力的基础上把行为人的社会危险性人格也纳入,以形成动静结合的主体要件内容。赋予犯罪动机的选择要件地位;为切实全面贯彻规范责任论,在《刑法》第16条增加关于因"期待可能丧失或者减弱"而刑事责任丧失或者减轻的规定。

Insisting on the four element theory of crime constitution, we need to make three dimensional transformation of the elements.We should combine the social relations and their carriers as the "new social relations" of "flesh and blood" in order to enhance the substantive and quantitative nature of the object elements of crime.It is advocated that the harmful act of criminal law should be defined as "physical activity with a certain intensity which violates the criminal law and endangers the society by means of means of crime under the control of the consciousness and will of the actors." This expression emphasizes the use of criminal instruments by the perpetrator, and increases the limit of the "quantity" of harmful acts. On the basis of the static connotation of the subject of crime(i.e. the criminal responsibility ability at the time of the act), the author advocates that the dynamic component of the subject of crime, the social dangerous personality of the actor, should be brought into the system of the conditions for the establishment of the crime, so as to form the elements of the subject of crime combining the dynamic with the static. The author advocates the status of the optional elements for the criminal motive;implements the theory of normative responsibility in a practical and comprehensive way.We should endow criminal motives with the status of choosing essential elements, and implement the theory of normative responsibility in an all-round way.