美国公司法联邦主义的历史演变及其启示

The Historical Evolution of American Corporate Law and Its Inspiration

美国公司法联邦主义所呈现出的公司市场规制竞争以及规范二元主义有其历史背景,在此格局形成过程中,联邦政府曾多次介入。无论是一开始的罗斯福政府时期,还是后来继任的塔夫脱政府,均试图干预并对公司法实施联邦化,并推出各种议案,但都以失败告终。此后美国公司规制的进一步碎片化,致使公司法联邦化最终成为泡影。通过对美国公司法何以去联邦化这一历史演变的解读与分析,不难发现,公司法规则变迁路径需进行反思,商人角色的转换、公司定位的演变、压力性变迁的新型研究范式和作为第三种力量的媒体舆论在很大程度上可以解释公司法规则何以变迁这一命题。

The federalism of American corporate law shows that the market regulation of the corporate’s competition and the normative dualism have a historical background in which the federal government has intervened many times. Whether the start of the Roosevelt administration, or the subsequent successor of the Taft government, tried to intervene and embezzled the corporate law and introduced various motions and drafts, but ended in failure. Since then the United States corporate regulations further fragmented, resulting in the federal law of the corporate eventually become a bubble. Through the examination and analysis of the historical process of the American corporate law, it is not difficult to find that the rules of corporate law need to be reflected: the transformation of the role of businessmen, the evolution of corporate orientation, the new research paradigm of pressure institutional change and the third force of media opinion to a large extent can explain how the corporate law is changed.