中国爆裂玉米育种三十年

Thirty Years of Popcorn Breeding in China

回顾中国爆裂玉米的育种研究历程,对中国爆裂玉米育种的起步、发展经历、育种成果及品种水平进行概述。80年代伴随我国的改革开放和经济发展,中国爆裂玉米育种研究应运而起。1986年我国第一个爆裂玉米综合种"黄玫瑰"问世,1997年第一个单交种"沈爆2号"诞生,2003年首批国审爆裂玉米单交种育成,2018年我国第一个球形花爆裂玉米新品种通过国家审定。从综合种到省审单交种、国审单交种,品种单产跨越了两个增产10%的台阶,近年新育成的品种单位面积产量比初期的综合种增产1倍以上。目前,我国爆裂玉米育种已经发展到品质育种阶段,由过去的混合花型发展到球形花和典型的蝶形花型,整体的品种水平已经达到或超过进口玉米。分析和讨论目前中国爆裂玉米研究和产业发展存在的主要问题。

This paper reviews the research history of popcorn breeding in China,a summary of the research for the beginning,development experience,breeding results and varieties level on popcorn breeding in China.In 1980 s,with the Chinese reform and opening and economic development,popcorn breeding research came into being in Chi-na.Our first popcorn synthetic variety’Yellow Rose’came out in 1986,the first single cross hybrid’SHENBAO NUMBER 2’was born in 1997,first batch of single cross breeding of popcorn gets National Approval was breeding in 2003.Chinese first new spherical popcorn variety passed the national approval in 2018.Variety per unit area yield crossed two steps to increased 10%,from variety synthetic to Provincial Approval single cross synthetic to Na-tional Approval single cross hybrid.The per unit area yield of newly bred varietiesis more than twice that of the ear-ly synthetic varieties in recent years.At present,popcorn breeding in China has developed to the stage of quality breeding,from mixed flower pattern in the past to spherical flower and typical butterfly flower,and the overall level of varieties has reached or exceeded that of imported maize.the main problems of research and industry development of popcorn in China at present was presented and discussed.