改革开放以来我国农业科技创新政策的演变及效果评价——来自我国农业科研机构的经验证据

The Evolution and Effect of Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Policies since Reform and Opening Up:Empirical Data Analysis from Chinese Agricultural Research Institutions

本文从政策层级、政策目标、政策措施三个维度对改革开放以来(1978—2015年)国家层面出台的农业科技创新政策进行分类和量化,进而定量探究了我国农业科技创新政策演变趋势和特征;同时基于量化政策的结果构建计量经济模型,实证分析其对我国农业科研机构科技创新产出的影响效果。研究发现,从政策演变趋势和特征来看,我国农业科技创新的政策数量、政策强度、政策目标力度和政策措施力度均呈现整体性波动增加的趋势;我国农业科技创新政策呈现以科技成果转化为主要目标、政策措施侧重管理体制改革层面的特征;从政策效果看,农业科技创新政策强度显著提高了农业科研机构的技术性收入和专利申请量,科技成果转化目标力度与人才激励措施力度显著提高了农业科研机构的技术性收入和专利申请量,而基础研究目标力度、管理体制改革措施力度未产生应有的政策效果。基于此,本文从提高对基础研究的重视程度,增强农业科技成果转化的政策力度,完善农业科技管理体制等方面提出了政策建议。

This paper classified and quantified the agricultural science and technology innovation policy from three dimensions of policy level,policy goal and policy measure,and described the evolution trend and characteristics of agricultural science and technology innovation policy in China,and built a econometric model based on the results of quantitative policy,and analysis its impact on scientific and technological innovation output of agricultural research institutions in China. The analysis results show that,from the perspective of policies evolution trend,With the progress of the reform of China’s agricultural science and technology system,the number,intensity,goals and measures of agricultural science and technology innovation policies have increased,i in which the target strength of commercialization of research findings and the reform policy strength of management system increased obviously. From the perspective of policies effect,in general,the policies intensity of agricultural science and technology innovation has significantly increased the number of patent applications of agricultural research institutions,the policies objective of transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and the measures of talent incentive have significantly increased the technical income and patent authorization of agricultural research institutions. However,the reform measures of agricultural science and technology system and the policies objectives of basic research have not achieved good policies effects,Based on this,this paper puts forward some Suggestions from the aspects of further increasing the attention to basic research,strengthening the policy of transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and improving the management coordination mechanism of agricultural research institutions.