高速铁路在服务业分布中的作用——基于城市层级体系视角的研究

The Effect of High-speed Railway on the Distribution of Services——A Research Based on the Perspective of Urban Hierarchical System

本文基于中心地理论从理论角度分析了高铁如何通过缩小市场范围下限和扩大市场范围上限的方式增加所有城市服务业的种类,从而扩大潜在市场范围。服务业市场存在交叉的城市之间会进行竞争,而自身服务业规模较大、聚集经济更明显的城市具有优势。本文以中国290个地级及以上城市为对象,从实证角度支持了以上假说。将市辖区视为地级市服务业中心,在高铁连接的城市中,原本市辖区第三产业GDP较大的城市市辖区第三产业GDP占全市GDP比重更高,而自身市辖区第三产业GDP较小的城市该比重不变或更低。使用在建高铁信息进行安慰剂测试的结果支持了基本结论。

Based on the central place theory,this paper firstly analyzes how the high-speed railway promotes the development of service industries by reducing the lower limit and expanding the upper limit of the market scope.High speed railway can increase the kind of high-level specialized service of all cities and expand the scope of the potential market.However,there would be competition among cities whose service markets overlapping.The cities having service industries of large scales and enjoying greater agglomeration economies can get more advantages in those kinds of competition.Using data of 290 prefecture level and above cities of China,this paper supports this hypothesis from empirical perspective.For cities with high-speed railway connection,the proportion of tertiary industry GDP in municipal districts to total GDP of the city is higher for the cities with original bigger tertiary industry GDP in municipal districts,and this proportion is lower or constant for cities with original smaller tertiary industry GDP in municipal districts.The results of placebo test using high-speed railway under construction support the basic analysis.