犬咬伤141例回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of 141 cases of dog bites

目的对141例犬咬伤患者的临床资料进行总结,分析犬咬伤的临床特点,进一步完善犬咬伤的防治措施。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院急诊科2014年6月至2017年6月收治的141例犬咬伤患者的资料,对收集的患者流行病学特点及是否入院处理等相关资料进行描述性统计分析。结果141例患者中男73例,女68例,其中儿童占55.32%;家庭饲养狗咬伤112例,流浪狗咬伤19例;咬伤部位以头面部最常见,占89.63%;各月份均有犬咬伤患者,但主要集中在4~9月,占74.47%;一天中发生于12∶00~18∶00的犬咬伤最多,占47.52%。46例患者因伤口感染、皮肤缺损需进行植皮或皮瓣移植术、骨折、血管断裂等合并症者住院治疗。经过治疗后随访1年,无一例患者发生狂犬病。结论犬咬伤可导致严重并发症,尤其对儿童伤害较大,应加强对犬类管理和儿童的监护。

Objective To summarize the clinical data and analyze the clinical characteristics of dog bites,and further improve the prevention and treatment of dog bites.Methods The data of 141 patients who were bitten by dog and were admitted to the Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Descriptive statistics analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of patients and whether or not they were admitted to hospital.Results There were 73 males and 68 females in the 141 cases,and 55.32%of them were children;112 patients were bitten by domestic dog and 19 patients were bitten by stray dog.Moreover,89.63%of injuries were head and face bites,74.47%of them were bitten from April to September,and 47.52%of them were bitten druing 12∶00 to 18∶00 in one day.Forty-six patients were hospitalized,of which 31 cases(67.39%)had complications such as wound infection,skin defect,skin grafting or flap transplantation,fracture and vascular rupture.After treatment,no rabies occurred.Conclusions Dog bites can lead to serious complications,especially in children,meanwhile dog management and child surveillance should be strengthened.