中国居民家庭的主观贫困感受研究

A Study on Subjective Feeling of Poverty by Chinese Residents

主观贫困包含着大量客观贫困无法体现的信息,是客观贫困测度的一种有效补充。本文提出了一种基于半参数广义可加模型的主观贫困效应的测度方法,利用中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)的微观调研数据,对影响我国居民主观贫困感受的决定因素以及主、客观贫困间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现,居民主观上的贫困感受不仅受到家庭收入水平的影响,而且家庭规模、人口结构、教育水平、资产积累、医疗支出、家庭遭遇困境事件和居住位置等因素均会显著改变主观贫困发生的概率。因而居民主观贫困的脱离不仅依赖于经济条件的改善,也依赖于教育和医疗保障等公共服务水平的提升、居民生活环境的改善以及从政策上提高贫困人口应对困境的能力等。

Subjective poverty covers a slew of information which is not reflect in the measurement of objective poverty and it is a supplement to the objective poverty measurement.This paper offers a method to measure subjective poverty feelings by using the semi-parametric generalized additive model.Applied with Chinese Social Survey data(CSS),an empirical study is conducted on the determinants affecting the subjective feelings of poverty and the relations between subjective and objective poverty of the Chinese residents.Firstly,based on self-assessment by the residents themselves on their economic positions from CSS data,the residents are classified into subjective and non-subjective poverty.Secondly,a quantitative analysis is done on the factors affecting the subjective poverty using the above-mentioned method in order to measure the impacts of the continuous variables in a more flexible way,so as the relations between the subjective and objective poverty measurements.It is found that the subjective poverty feelings can be subject to income level of the family,the occurring probability is significantly high if more factors covers,such as the size of the family,composition of the family people,educational attainment,assets accumulation,medical expenses,plights encountered and location of the residence,etc.Therefore,alleviation of the subjective poverty not only depends on the improvement of family economic conditions,but all the other factors,e.g.,the escalation of public services such as educational and medical security,improvement of living environment,the ability of the poor population to confronting the plights encountered,would enhance the senses of security and gains.