苏联文化政策的转向(1946–1956)——《电话谋杀案》在苏联的排演风波

The Turn of Soviet Cultural Policies(1946-1956):Conflicts during Rehearsal of “Dial ‘M’ for Murder” in the Soviet Union

苏联时期的剧院,是党政机关推行国民思想教育的重要场所。特别是以"社会主义现实主义"创作为主导的苏联剧院,国家对剧本的内容有着严格的管理。从战后时期的政治思想高压到解冻思潮的开端,这期间,苏联剧院排演的戏剧也有着结构性的变化。1956年,苏共二十大秘密报告的出台,代表着苏联官方文化解冻的全面开始。这一年,列宁格勒喜剧院排演的西方话剧《电话谋杀案》引发了苏联国内各方关注,苏联媒体就该剧所呈现的西方意识形态进行了激烈的批判。苏共中央意识到文化政策导向的重要性,最终以党内新的文化政策的出台,确定了解冻的内在边界。

During the period of the Soviet Union,the theater was one of the most important platforms for the party to educate citizens.In particular,for those Soviet theatres based on the principle of"socialist realism",the nation had strict ideological control over the content of plays.From 1946 to 1956,as cultural policies changed in general,theatrical repertoires were also rearranged with the reappearance of Western plays on Soviet stages.In 1956,after the"secret report"of N.Khrushchev was issued,the thaw in Soviet official culture officially began.It was in this year that the"Dial M for Murder"scripted by the British dramatist F.Knott was staged in the Leningrad’s Comedy Theater.This play attracted the attention from many different circles of the society.The Soviet media strongly criticized the Western ideology,which was manifested in this play.The Central Committee of the CPSU realized the importance of cultural policies,and eventually issued a new cultural policy,which confirmed the policy of"thaw".