儿童呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学特点

Epidemiology of respiratory virus infection in children

呼吸系统感染是儿童门诊就诊最为常见的病因,也是造成<5岁儿童死亡的首要原因。病毒是儿童时期呼吸道感染最为常见的病原,需要引起儿科医师关注。该文讨论了常见呼吸道病毒的流行病学特征,着重介绍了呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、鼻病毒和腺病毒等较为常见的呼吸道病毒的好发年龄、好发季节、流行区域等流行病学特点。同时,也简要介绍了副流感病毒、偏肺病毒和冠状病毒等近期新发现的病毒的流行病学特征,并回顾了病毒共感染的相关信息。

Respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of out?patient treatment and mortality in children under 5 years. Re?spiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with respiratory tract infection,which should be paid attention to in pediatricians. The review discusses epidemiologic characteristics of common respiratory virus,focusing on respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),influenza virus,human rhinovirus(HRV)and human adenoviruses(HADV). The paper also briefly introduces the epidemiological characteristics of the newly discovered viruses,such as parainfluenza virus(PIV),human metapneumovirus (HMPV),human coronavirus(HCoV). At last,the information of viral-viral coinfections in children is reviewed.