瑞士移民政策演变及其影响因素分析

The Development of Switzerland's Immigration Policies and Its Influence Factors

从19世纪末开始,生活在瑞士的外国人比例不断提高,瑞士逐渐成为欧洲重要的移民国家。从一开始的高度开放、二战后的自由公平政策、20世纪70年代的配额制度、世纪之交向欧盟靠拢的三圈模式,到近十年来对融入的重视,瑞士的移民政策经历了从宽松到紧缩的变化过程。影响瑞士移民政策制定和实施的主要因素有瑞士独特的"直接民主"制度和联邦制政体等。欧洲难民危机给瑞士的移民治理带来了新的挑战,主要体现在多元文化传统遭到破坏和右翼势力抬头两个方面。

Since the late 1900 s,with foreigners living in Switzerland taking an increasing proportion of the total population,Switzerland has become an important immigration country in Europe. The country has undergone a tightening process in its immigration policy,which began from all-embracing opening-up,later developed into post-war freedom and equality after World War II,quota system in the 1970 s,three-circle model at the turn of the century and posed recent emphasis on integration in the last decade. Major factors that contribute to the formulation of the immigration population of Switzerland include direct democracy and federal government. The European refugee crisis has brought new challenges to the governance of immigration in Switzerland,mainly reflected in the destruction of the multicultural tradition and the rise of the rightwing forces.