印度鹿野苑遗址的发掘及研究综述

A Summary of the Excavation and Research Conducted at the Site of Sarnath in India

鹿野苑,即今天印度的萨尔那特,是佛教、印度教与耆那教的著名圣地,也是佛教典籍所谓"初转法轮"之地,以佛陀在此第一次讲法著称。截至目前,鹿野苑遗址总共进行了大小九次发掘,最主要的两次发掘均集中在20世纪初期。本文以出土的佛教遗址和文物为主线,对鹿野苑遗址从其地理位置、发掘过程、文物综述等三方面进行分析,论述鹿野苑在佛教造像艺术中的地位及其对后世佛教艺术的影响。

Deer-Park, namely Sarnath in India, is a holy land for Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, and it is famous for being the site of the Buddha’s first preaching, also known as the site of the First Sermon. Sarnath has undergone 9 excavations of different scales to date, two of the largest archaeological digs having been carried out in the early 20 th century. Focusing on the these archaeological sites and the various cultural relics retrieved therefrom, this paper discusses Sarnath’s position in the history of Buddhist iconography as well as its influence on later Buddhist art by analyzing the following three aspects: the geographical position of Sarnath, the process of its excavation, and previous research on the cultural relics.