汉代橐他塞部隧设置研究

A Study on the Bu and Sui of the Tuota Sai in the Han Dynasty

橐他塞的建制最早见于五凤三年(前55)四月,直到天凤五年(18)五月依然存在。南北总长约55公里,设有南、中、北三部,其中南部塞长约22公里。共辖31所亭隧,其中莫当、通望、临道、殄虏4隧统辖于南部,千秋隧辖于中部,高显隧辖于北部,其他25所亭隧不详辖于何部。橐他塞境内现存18所亭隧及1座障城遗址,显然部分亭隧已消失或迄今尚未发现。探明橐他塞的部隧设置,对于进一步研究汉代弱水中下游、甚至整个西北地区的边防屯戍体系具有重要意义。

The name of Tuota Sai(橐他塞, a frontier garrison) first appeared in April of the third year of the Wufeng Era(55 BCE) and lasted until May of the fifth year of the Tianfeng Era(18 CE). Extending 55 kilometers, the Tuota Sai was divided into three bu(部, divisions), the south, middle, and north bu, the longest being the south bu which was about 22 kilometers long. There were 31 sui(隧, beacons) controlled by this garrison, four of them belonged to the south bu, namely the Modang, Tongwang, Lindao and Tianlu positions, the beacon Qianqiu belonged to the middle bu, and the Gaoxian beacon belonged to the north bu. It is not clear which bu the remaining 25 sui belonged to. Within the Tuota Sai garrison area, the sites of 18 beacons and a fortress have survived until the present, meaning that some of the sui might have disappeared or remain to be discovered. A further study on how the bu and sui of the Tuota Sai were established will be of significant meaning for further study of the frontier garrison system at the middle and lower basins of the Ruoshui River(namely the Black River), and of the entire northwest border area in the Han dynasty.