医学生缓和医疗认知的调查研究

Cognition of palliative care and its influencing factors among medical students

目的了解医学生对缓和医疗的认知程度,并对可能的影响因素进行分析.方法采用问卷调查方法.采用自制问卷对参加2014年和2015年北京协和医院夏令营的全国33所医学院校的430名医学生进行调查.调查内容包括医学生基本信息、死亡态度、缓和医疗相关知识等.采用相关分析和秩和检验对医学生缓和医疗认知程度的影响因素进行分析.结果女性(34.05±2.00)分、本科学历(34.07±2.04)分和硕士研究生(34.11±2.11)分、来自于大家庭(34.15±1.57)分、接受过死亡教育或培训(34.34±1.81)分、参加过志愿活动(34.03±2.06)分、家中谈论死亡的氛围坦白开放(34.01±1.99)分、有探望或看护濒临死亡患者经历(34.11±2.00)分的医学生的缓和医疗认知得分较高.结论医学生缓和医疗认知程度与其是否接受过死亡教育和是否有过死亡接触经历有密切关系,这为医学教育者未来利用有限资源给有需求的人群进行缓和医疗教育以及在临床工作中应用缓和医疗知识提供了参考.

Objective To explore the cognition of palliative care among medical students and analyze the correlative factors. Methods Students from different places were invited to do the home-based made questionnaire, questions include students' basic information, their attitudes toward death and knowledge about palliative care. Correlation analysis and rank sum test were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The following medical students got a higher grade of cognition about palliative care: female(34. 05±2. 00), undergraduates candidates for masters (34. 11±2. 11), those postgraduates (34. 07±2. 04), those born in a large family (34. 15±1. 57), those had received education or training about death(34. 34±1. 81) and those had participated in voluntary activities(34. 03±2. 06). Also students in an atmosphere of talking about death at home is frank and open(34. 01± 1. 99) and those had visited or cared for dying patients (34. 11±2. 00). Conclusions Medical students' cognition of palliative care varies because of personal experience of death or education background which suggests that could supply palliative care education penetrating into clinic practice.