术前侧方淋巴结推量照射对局部进展期直肠癌预后的影响

Effect of preoperative radiotherapy with boost dose to lateral pelvic lymph node on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

目的 评估术前同步放化疗时侧方淋巴结(LPN)推量照射对局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2017年4月在柳州市工人医院行新辅助放化疗及根治性切除术并获得完整随访信息的116例LARC患者的临床资料.患者依据治疗前影像提示的有无可疑LPN采取了不同的治疗策略并分为两组,无可疑LPN患者接受常规的术前同步放化疗(全盆腔放疗剂量45~50.4 Gy,同时接受以5-氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗)+根治性手术(常规治疗组,85例),而有可疑LPN患者则在全盆腔放疗的基础上对LPN进行局部推量照射,LPN累计剂量59.4~61.6 Gy(推量照射组,31例).采用χ^2检验和Fisher确切概率法检验比较两组患者急性放疗不良反应,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,行Log-rank检验.结果 在新辅助放化疗中,常规治疗组和推量照射组患者主要急性放疗不良反应均为1~2级,两组≥3级急性不良反应主要为腹泻[15.3%(13/85)比19.4%(6/31),χ^2=0.273,P=0.601]、白细胞减少[9.4%(8/85)比9.7%(3/31),χ^20.006,P=0.941]、放射性皮炎[4.7%(4/85)比6.5%(2/31),P=0.657],差异均无统计学意义.中位随访30.3个月(11.1~82.3个月),常规治疗组10例局部区域复发,16例死亡,推量照射组4例局部区域复发,6例死亡.Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,两组无局部复发生存率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.121,P=0.728);两组OS率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.605,P=0.469).结论 直肠癌LPN局部推量照射可以抵消LPN转移给患者带来的不良预后,LPN局部推量照射可能是有LPN转移的LARC患者一种安全有效的治疗选择.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative radiotherapy with boost dose to lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPN) on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with preoperative simultaneous chemoradiotherapy. Methods The clinical data of 116 LARC patients with complete follow-up who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative resection between March 2011 and April 2017 in Liuzhou Worker's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified into two groups according to the LPN metastatic status from preoperative image: patients without suspected LPN metastasis who received preoperative simultaneous chemoradiotherapy (pelvic irradiation: 45-50.4 Gy;chemotherapy regimen: based on 5-fluorouracil) plus radical operation (the regular group, 85 cases), and patients with suspected LPN metastasis who received local boost radiation on the basis of whole radiotherapy in pelvic cavity (the boost group, 31 cases). Additional radiation boost with a total dose of 59.4-61.6 Gy to LPN was administrated to patients in the boost group. The adverse reactions of acute radiotherapy in both groups were compared by using χ^2 test and Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to make survival analysis and Log-rank was used to make the testing. Results The common acute adverse reactions of both groups were grade 1-2 in newly adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Significant acute adverse reactions (grade 3 or higher) in the regular group and the boost group included diarrhea [15.3% (13/85) vs. 19.4% (6/31), χ^2=0.273, P= 0.601], leukopenia [9.4% (8/85) vs. 9.7% (3/31), χ^2= 0.006, P= 0.941], and radiodermatitis [4.7% (4/85) vs. 6.5% (2/31), P= 0.657]. The median follow-up time was 30.3 months (11.1-82.3 months). Locoregional recurrence occurred in 10 patients of the regular group and 4 patients of the boost group, and 16 patients and 6 patients died of the regular group and the boost group respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival results showed that there were no significant differences in local recurrence-free survival rate (χ^2=0.121, P=0.728) and overall survival rate (χ^2= 0.605, P = 0.469). Conclusion Radiotherapy boost to LPN can offset the poor prognosis of LPN metastases on patients with LARC and can be considered as a safe and effective treatment option for LARC patients with suspected LPN metastasis.