古今革命之间的“文王称王”问题——以曹元弼为中心

“King Wen Claims the Throne”:Revolution Ancient and Modern,with Cao Yuanbi in Focus

在中国学术传统中,“革命”是儒家表达王道理想的一套独特理论。“文王受命称王”的事迹是这一理论的形象表现。然而,儒学史上也曾有从君臣伦理角度否认文王称王的观点。及至晚清,“革命”从古典含义转变为以共和、平等、民权为宗旨的现代含义,并开启了现代革命的进程。在此期间,曹元弼辨析“文王称王”问题,既是对古典“革命”理论,也是对现代革命进程的回应。

In Chinese academic trad让ion,"revolution" is a unique Confucian theory of so-called Kingly Way (wang dao). The story of King Wen who was allegedly commissioned by the "divine mandate"(tian ming) to claim the throne is a vivid illustration of this theory. However, even in the history of Confucianism, there have been negations of Wen's claim from the perspective of monarch- subject ethics. In the late Qing dynasty, the word "revolution" had evolved from 让s classical sense to the modem sense of striving for republic, equality and civil rights, marking the beginning of modern revolution. At this time, Cao Yuanbi raised the issue of King Wen' s claim of the throne as a response to both classical revolutionary theory and modern revolution process.