野生动物重金属污染研究进展

Advances in Heavy Metal Pollution in Wildlife

重金属污染问题已成为全球热点,会对野生动物及环境造成严重危害。野生动物体内重金属主要来自食物链的传递,植物从空气和土壤中吸收重金属离子及其化合物,被采食后富集到草食性动物体内,逐级传递,最终会进入野生动物体内,对野生动物健康造成严重危害。体内重金属超标可以导致鸟类产生生殖障碍,降低种群数量,同时也会影响鸟类的行为。体内重金属超标会对哺乳动物骨骼发育、生殖健康等方面产生极大危害,对哺乳动物繁衍生息产生影响。文中主要综述重金属污染对野生鸟类、野生哺乳动物生长发育的影响;重金属在生物链传递过程的富集机制及其对野生鸟类、野生哺乳动物的毒理分子机制,以期对重金属环境污染的预防与治理提供理论基础。

Heavy metal pollution has become a global hotspot,causing serious damage to wildlife and environment.The heavy metals in wild animals are mostly from food chains.The plants absorb heavy metal ions and their compounds from air and soil.When the plants are eaten,heavy metals can be enriched in herbivores.They are passed among wild animals and eventually enter their bodies,thereby causing serious harm to them.Excessive amount of heavy metals stored in the body can cause reproductive disorders in birds,reduce their population size,and also affect their behavior.Excessive heavy metals in the body can also do great harm to mammalian bone development and reproductive health,having an impact on mammalian reproduction.Herein,the effects of heavy metal pollution on the growth and development of wild birds and mammals,the enrichment mechanism of heavy metals in the process of biological chain transfer and their toxicological molecular mechanisms were reviewed,which would provide theoretical basis for prevention and management of heavy metal pollution.