游离第3足趾胫侧微型皮瓣修复手指末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损

Effects of free mini-flap on tibial side of third toe on repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger

目的探讨游离第3足趾胫侧微型皮瓣修复手指末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损的效果。方法2013年8月—2017年5月,笔者单位收治18例手指末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损患者,其中男12例、女6例,年龄16~54岁。患者中累及拇指3例、示指8例、中指4例、环指3例,缺损面积为2.0cm×1.4cm^3.5cm×2.4cm。根据创面面积和形状设计游离第3足趾胫侧微型皮瓣,皮瓣长宽均分别较创面长宽扩大0.1~0.2cm,面积为2.1cm×1.5cm^3.7cm×2.6cm。皮瓣皮下静脉与指掌侧浅表静脉或指背浅表静脉行端端吻合,第3足趾胫侧趾底动脉与受指指固有动脉于无张力下行端端吻合;皮瓣第3足趾胫侧趾底神经与受指指固有神经吻合。足部供区直接拉拢缝合或取同侧小腿上段内侧全厚皮修复。观察术后皮瓣成活情况及患者随访情况。结果术后皮瓣存活良好,血运较佳。18例患者中2例失访,另16例随访4~36个月,皮瓣质地、外形较佳,重建的手指末节指腹饱满、具有指纹,功能恢复良好,皮瓣两点辨别觉距离5~10mm,足部供区术后即愈合者14例,另2例患者植皮边缘或中央区域坏死经换药后愈合。足部植皮处耐磨,供区损伤小,不妨碍穿鞋和行走,无足部不适。结论游离第3足趾胫侧微型皮瓣修复手指末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损,指腹外形良好、供区损伤小,手术操作简单,值得临床推广。

Objective To investigate the effects of free mini-flap on tibial side of third toe on repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger. Methods From August 2013 to May 2017, 18 patients with skin and soft tissue defect of finger pulp at the end of finger were admitted to our unit, with 12 men and 6 women aged 16 to 54 years. As the skin and soft tissue defect sites, there were 3 cases of thumb, 8 cases of index finger, 4 cases of middle finger, and 3 cases of ring finger. The area of defects ranged from 2.0 cm×1.4 cm to 3.5 cm×2.4 cm. Free mini-flaps on tibial side of third toes were designed according to area and shape of defects, and the length and width of flaps were 0.1 to 0.2 cm longer than the length and width of the defects, respectively. The area of flaps ranged from 2.1 cm×1.5 cm to 3.7 cm×2.6 cm. The end-to-end anastomosis of subcutaneous veins of flaps and superficial veins of the finger-palm side or superficial dorsal digital vein, the end-to-end tension-free anastomosis of the base metatarsal arteries on tibial side of third toe and proper digital arteries of recipient finger were performed. Besides, anastomosis of base metatarsal nerve on tibial side of third toe and proper digital nerve of recipient finger was performed. The donor sites on feet were sutured directly or repaired with full-thickness skin grafts on medial upper leg of the same side. The survival of flaps after operation and the follow-up of patients were observed. Results All flaps survived well, with good blood supply. Among the 18 patients, 2 patients lost to follow-up, and 16 patients were followed up for 4 to 36 months. The shape and texture of flaps were good. After reconstruction, finger pulps at the end of finger were plump, with fingerprint. Function of the finger restored well, and the two-point discriminatory distances of flaps were 5 to 10 mm. The donor sites on feet of 14 patients healed after the operation, the other 2 patients had necrosis on edge and central area of skin grafts, and the necrotic area healed after dressing change. The skin graft areas on feet were wear-resistant, with slight damage to donor sites and did not influence shoes wearing and walking. Besides, patients did not feel uncomfortable. Conclusions Skin and soft tissue defects of finger pulp at the end of finger repaired by free mini-flaps on tibial side of third toe are with good shape and slight damage to donor sites, and the operation is simple. It is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.