牵张成骨技术治疗儿童颌骨骨折

Treatment of pediatric maxillofacial fractures using distraction osteogenesis

目的探讨牵张成骨技术治疗儿童颌骨骨折的临床效果。方法2017年11月至2018年11月南京医科大学附属儿童医院烧伤整形外科共收治颌骨骨折患儿6例,年龄1岁3个月至9岁7个月,平均4岁2个月,其中男4例,女2例,其中上颌骨骨折3例,下颌骨骨折3例,6例患儿均伴有不同程度面形不对称、咬合错乱及骨折断端移位,术中应用颌骨牵张成骨器固定,固定后术后第1天开始行牵张成骨延长,每次约0.5mm,每天2次,直到骨折复位,患儿恢复正常咬合关系后停止,固定1个月后拆除延长器,后期随访评估骨折愈合程度、患儿张口度及骨折处牙齿咬合情况。结果所有患儿牵引过程顺利,牵引时间为15~20d,牵引距离为15~20mm。6例患儿的颌面部骨折经牵张成骨复位后固定1个月,取出延长器,所有骨折均一期愈合,无感染,无错位愈合,无骨不连及假性骨关节形成,咬合关系基本恢复正常,张口不受限。术后随访1个月至1年,患儿颌面部外形正常,发育无明显影响,效果满意。结论牵张成骨技术治疗儿童颌骨骨折,复位可靠,可控性高,可作为儿童颌骨错位性骨折常规复位方法的一种补充。

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of pediatric maxillofacial fractures. Methods From November 2017 to November 2018, 6 cases of maxillofacial fractures were treated, including 3 cases of maxillary fracture and 3 cases of mandibular fracture. All of them were associated with facial asymmetry of different severity, disordered occlusion and displacement of fracture segments. The distraction osteogenesis device was used to fix the fracture during the operation. The distraction was initiated after 1 day latency period, and proceeded at approximately 0.5 mm each time, twice a day, until the normal occlusal relationship was achieved. Distractor was maintained for 1 month after distraction, and then removed. The degree of fracture healing, the mouth opening and the occlusal status at the fracture site were evaluated during follow-up, and the corresponding curative effect was observed and evaluated. Results All fractures were healed well, without infection, dislocation, or pseudo-joint formation after 1 month. The distraction duration is 15-20 days and the distraction distance is 15-20 mm. At the end, the occlusal relationship was normal, and the mouth opening was not limited. The follow-up period was from 1 month to 1 year. The maxillofacial appearance of the children was normal, and the maxillofacial development was not significantly affected. Conclusions Distraction osteogenesis is an effective and controllable method for child maxillofacial fracture. It can be used as a supplement to the conventional treatment of maxillary and mandibular fracture in children.