中国营养与食品安全问题、对策与展望

Nutrition and food safety in China: problems, countermeasures and prospects

经济发展和食品工业的演变不仅满足了人类对食物的需求,也引起了世界性的健康问题.由于经济发展的不均衡和膳食习惯差异,我国人群同时面临着营养过剩、肥胖而某些营养素可能缺乏的问题.在过去的几十年中,食品工业不仅影响人群对能量、盐、脂肪等营养素的摄入模式,也在改变食物中的营养结构和有害物质的暴露风险.致病微生物、农药、重金属等造成的食品污染问题也值得关注.我国居民膳食指南为引导公众的膳食行为提供了基本原则,但人们在选择健康膳食时可能受认知程度、传统习惯、媒体宣传等影响因素的制约.如何为我国人民提供健康、安全的食品是当前的一个重要议题.本文讨论了健康膳食的一些基本概念,以及如何通过教育宣传倡导健康的膳食习惯,如何保存和加工食物以维持营养,如何控制食品安全危害,以及其他可以促进人群健康的方法.

Economic development and the evolution of food industry not only help to meet the human needs for food, but also cause worldwide health problems. Due to the imbalance of economic development and the difference of dietary habits, the population in China is faced with the problem of excessive food intake, obesity and the possible deficiency of some nutrients. In the past few decades, the food industry has profoundly affected people's intake patterns of nutrients such as energy, fat, salt and added sugar, as well as changed the nutritional structure of food and the risk of exposure to harmful substances. Food contamination caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticides and heavy metals are serious concerns. The dietary guidelines for Chinese residents provide basic principles for guiding the dietary behaviors of the public, but their implementation is hampered by people's lack of understanding of food and nutrition, traditional dietary habits, media misinformation and other factors. How to provide healthy and safe food for the people is an important issue at present. This paper discusses some basic concepts of healthy diet, how to promote healthy eating habits through education, how to preserve and process food to maintain nutrition, how to control food safety hazards, and other dietary related approaches that can promote health.