英国后工业城市更新对中国的启示——以利物浦为例

The Enlightenment from the Urban Regeneration in UK Post-Industrial Cities to China:The Case of Liverpool

20世纪60年代起,全球化进程及科技革命逐步推动城市去工业化进程,标志着后工业时代的来临。我国旧工业城市普遍发展相对滞后,迫切需要通过城市更新来调控物质空间、产业结构及社会空间的现状,以解决长期存在的各类城市问题。英国利物浦城市更新历程表明了其城市更新策略与英国宏观政策的高度一致性。通过分析后工业时代城市更新的产出,发现利物浦城市更新中存在单一自由市场机制的功能缺陷,导致了诸多城市问题的产生。我国旧工业城市在新时期发展中,城市更新需承担城市复兴的重责,其策略制定应以产业结构重塑、空间正义维护及人居环境改善为主要导向。

From 1960s, the globalization greatly results in the deindustrialization progressively, which means the coming of the post-industrial era. Some post-industrial cities require the urban regeneration to rebuild the physical environment, the economic structure, and socio-spatial condition with the aim to solve the current urban problems. The urban regeneration in Liverpool presents similar features with the UK's national policies. With critical analysis of the outcomes from Liverpool's urban regeneration, there is one significant pitfail in the policy design, which is only orientated by the liberal market. There emerge some urban problems from Liverpool's urban regeneration. Currently, Chinese old industrial cities are facing opportunities and challenges. The design of the urban regeneration policies should be oriented with aims to build flourish economic structure, sustainable urban eco-civilization, and dynamic urban environment.